The clinical implications of bronchoscopy in hemoptysis patients with no explainable lesions in computed tomography. Haemoptysis: aetiology, evaluation and outcome-a prospective study in a third-world country. Bronchial and non-bronchial systemic arteries: value of multidetector CT angiography in diagnosis and angiographic embolisation feasibility analysis. Utility of high-resolution chest CT scan in the emergency management of haemoptysis in the intensive care unit: severity, localization and aetiology. Analysis of patients with hemoptysis in a tertiary referral hospital. Hemoptysis: comparison of diagnostic accuracy of multi detector CT scan and bronchoscopy. Blackwell Publishing 2006:330–343.ĭavoodi M, Kordi M, Gharibvand MM, et al. Thoracic Endoscopy: Advances in Interventional Pulmonology. Is investigation of patients with haemoptysis and normal chest radiograph justified?. Thirumaran M, Sundar R, Sutcliffe IM, et al. Etiologies of hemoptysis in children: a systematic review of 171 patients. Etiology and outcome of moderate-to-massive hemoptysis: experience from a tertiary care center of North India. Haemoptysis in adults: a 5-year study using the French nationwide hospital administrative database. 2009 339:b3094.Ībdulmalak C, Cottenet J, Beltramo G, et al. Alarm symptoms and identification of non-cancer diagnoses in primary care: cohort study. Paragonimiasis acquired in the United States: native and non-native species. Radiological management of hemoptysis: a comprehensive review of diagnostic imaging and bronchial arterial embolization. Long-term outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with mild hemoptysis. The diagnosis and treatment of hemoptysis. Larici AR, Franchi P, Occhipinti M, et al. Approach to hemoptysis in the modern era. Olsen KM, Manouchehr-Pour S, Donnelly EF, et al Expert Panel on Thoracic Imaging ACR appropriateness criteria hemoptysis. Surgery is reserved for patients whose medical treatment and embolization are not effective.Įarwood JS, Thompson TD. Bronchial arterial embolization is used to treat massive hemoptysis, particularly when an involved artery is noted on computed tomography angiography. In addition to supportive medical treatment, management should include treatment of the underlying etiology because recurrence often takes place in the absence of treatment of the identified cause. Computed tomography and computed tomography angiography of the chest with intravenous contrast are the preferred modalities to determine the etiology of bleeding however, bronchoscopy may also be needed. Chest radiography is a good initial test, but it has limited sensitivity for determining the site and etiology of the bleeding. A history and physical examination can assist in identifying an etiology, but diagnostic testing is often required. Mild hemoptysis comprises more than 90% of cases and has a good prognosis, whereas massive hemoptysis has a high mortality rate. The initial evaluation includes determining the severity of bleeding and stability of the patient and may require bronchoscopy for airway protection. Hemoptysis must be differentiated from pseudohemoptysis, which is blood that originates from nasopharyngeal or gastrointestinal sources. No cause is identified in 20% to 50% of cases. The most common causes are acute respiratory infections, cancer, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from the lower respiratory tract, usually from bronchial arteries.
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